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Discuss the factors which were necessary for the emergence of liberal democracy in Britain. Liberal democracy, a political system characterised by freedom of expression and education, free elections, universal suffrage and a multiplicity of political parties, political decisions made through an independent governing body, and an independent judiciary, with a state monopoly on law enforcement (Elkin, 1985. p.1-8), became a central element of political discourse and struggle in the 19th century. It was an age of intense debate and battles over the relationship between state and civil society and proper distribution of political power between and within both. Old regimes of these states - monarchy, church, aristocracies and landlords - found themselves challenged by a cluster of institutions that emerged, such as the bureaucratic nation-state, extension of franchise, industrialisation and the changing social composition of the population. In this essay I shall discuss these social and economic conditions that gave rise...

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