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Title: Antibiotic Resistance - A growing cause for concern Introduction Bacteria, being around for 3.5 billion years, are responsible for major diseases including typhoid, cholera, tuberculosis and pneumonia which killed millions (Figure 1) throughout history (World Health Organisation [WHO] 2000). In 1928, the first antibiotic, penicillin, was discovered by Alexander Fleming which was hailed as a medical miracle (Lewis 1995). However, in barely 4 years, penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus appeared followed by resistant gonorrhoea, Shigella and Salmonella (WHO 2000). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, almost all significant bacterial infections globally are becoming resistant to the choice antibiotic treatment (Bren 2002). Therefore, it is imperative to identify the factors causing antibiotic resistance, ways it occur, its implications and how it can be overcome. Antibiotics are substances that kill or disrupt the growth of microorganisms, particularly bacteria. Therefore, antibiotic resistance or antimicrobial resistance is the phenomenon where bacteria continue to grow...

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