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Physiological effects of the environment on the athlete As an athlete passes through an athletic career, numerous things happen which bring changes in his environment. In the early stages, the most common changes involve long, tiring journeys, sometimes combined with a stay for a number of days in an unfamiliar place. Later in the athlete's career there are more serious changes to take note of, and to prepare for. There are three environmental conditions that an athlete will have to learn how to acclimatize to, these are altitude, temperature and water. Altitude At altitude there is reduced air resistance, suggesting an advantage in activities involving speed, i.e. sprints. The force of gravity is reduced, suggesting an advantage where relative and maximum strength is critical. Some of the immediate effects of exposure to altitude are, increased breathing rate, increased heart rate, nausea, headache, sleeplessness and decrease in VO2 max. The total effect of these...

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