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Theories/Effects/Vulnerable groups There are many theories on crime, and how criminals are created. In this assignment I am going to write a very general overview of the main theories, and then look in detail at the studies of Ken Pease and Ray Wyre. Task 1 Below is a table, and a brief explanation of causes and cures (where possible) for common theories of criminology. Theory Causes Policy 1. Biochemistry Heredity, vitamin deficiency, allergy, tumour, toxins, brain dysfunction, hormonal imbalance Isolation, treatment 2.Psychology Low intelligence, psychopathy, stress Treatment, counselling 3.Ecology Disorganized neighbourhoods Community empowerment 4.Strain Economic goal blockage Increased opportunities 5.Learning Imitation, reinforcement schedules More effective negative reinforcement, more use of positive reinforcement 6.Control Socialization, low self-control Child-rearing, social bonds 7.Labelling Shunning, identity immersion Non-intervention, reintegration 8.Conflict Power differentials, competition Increased equality 9.Radical Class struggle, capitalism Praxis, socialism 10.Feminist Gender inequity, patriarchy End sex discrimination 11.Post-modern Hierarchical privileges and language More informal social control 1. Biochemistry is known by many names: biological, genetic, and anthropological criminology. A man called Cesare Lombroso, in 1876 was one of the first exponents of the positivist approach to explaining crime. Positivism means...

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