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In the 1950's and 1960's the dominant theory of attention was the bottleneck theory, stating humans act as a single communication channel of limited capacity at some part in an information processing sequence. Dichotic listening tasks were devised to illustrate this theory; early studies showed that people are very good at processing only one of two physically distinct concurrent sources of information. The resource theory however assumes that attention can be regarded as a single reservoir of information processing resources. (Reason, 1990) The idea of attention is critical when examining actions and intentions. Normans and Shallices attention to action theory argues there are two control structures; horizontal and vertical threads. Horizontal threads comprise of processing structures called schemas and vertical threads interact with the horizontal threads to provide the means by which attentional and habitual factors activate schemas. Horizontal threads govern habitual activity without the need for attentional control. (Reason, 1990) Later...

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