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Fiber Optics Fiber Optics deals with the transmission of light through fibers or thin rods of glass, or some other transparent material of high refractive index. If light is admitted at one end of a fiber, it can travel with very low loss, even if the fiber is curved. The principle on which this transmission of light depends is that of total internal reflection: light traveling within the fiber's center, or core, strikes the outside surface at an angle of incidence greater than the critical angle, so that all the light is reflected into the fiber without loss. Thus light can be transmitted over long distances by being reflected thousands of times. In order to avoid losses through the scattering of light by impurities on the surface of the fiber, the optical-fiber core is clad with a glass layer of much lower refractive index; the reflections occur at the interface of...

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