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Debbie Spicer Describe, evaluate and comment upon the appropriateness and effectiveness of the Biological/Semantic approach and related therapies Medical doctors have claimed that mental illness resembles physical illness. According to this medical model, the mental illness depends on some underlying organic problem, and the best form of treatment involves direct manipulation of the physiological system within the body. Psychosurgery is the use of brain surgery to reduce psychological or behavioural disorders. Antonio Egas Moniz (1930's) used a surgical method of prefrontal lobotomy, where fibres running from the frontal lobes to other parts were cut. He claimed that this operation made schizophrenics less violent and agitated and much easier to manage. The side effects were serious and included apathy, diminished intellectual powers, impaired judgements and even coma or death. Since lobotomies there have been a variety of more reformed techniques have been introduced. The prefrontal leucotomy involves drilling two holes in either side of...

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