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How Has English changed as a result of contact with other languages? What other factors have caused English to change?
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How Has English changed as a result of contact with other languages? What other factors have caused English to change? In answering both parts of this question I propose to discuss the nature of language change from an historical perspective (diachronically) and then from a contemporary point of view (synchronically). There are four areas which can be affected in any language and which will be examined in my essay: lexis, which is vocabulary - and I will include semantics here; phonology, which is the sound system and pronunciation; syntax, which is the grammar, sentence structure and word endings; lastly, orthography, that is spelling and the written letter. It is important at the outset to say that English did not arrive in Britain as a single unified language but in the form of three or four Germanic dialects spoken by Angles, Saxons, Jutes and Frisians. The first point of contact...
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