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Values in Pindar Pindar was composing his poetry at the start of the fifth century B.C. at a similar time to Aeschylus, and as much as three centuries after the completion of Homer's works. The values he displays, however, do not seem to have developed since the time of Homer; Pindar's ethics are those of a shame-culture, and in this way thoroughly Homeric. They are aristocratic, favouring the strong, powerful ruler over the weak and dominated. Wealth and prosperity are praised, not frowned upon. Nietzsche approved of Pindar's praise of the strong, be they tyrants or athletes (or indeed both), and conversely disapproved of the way Socrates later denied the good to be had in strength and power. There was no prize for second place; a man's victory was the result of his own efforts and divine fortune - and if a man did not win, it was because he was...

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