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Historical development of the atomic structure Christian Huygen 1. Either the eye sent out something, which feels the object (as the Greeks believed); 2. or the object perceived sent out something which hits or affects the eye (as assumed in the emission theory); 3. or there was some medium between the eye and the object, and the object caused changes in the form or condition of this intervening medium affecting the eye (as Robert Hooke and Christian Huygens supposed in the wave or undulatory theory). According to this last theory space is filled with an extremely rare ether, and light is caused by a series of waves or vibrations in this ether, which are set in motion by the pulsations of the luminous body. From this third theory, Christian Huygens deduced the laws of reflection and refraction, explained the phenomenon of double refraction, and gave a construction for the extraordinary ray in...

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