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Scott Bissett L6Du Structure and biological significance of lipids Lipids are made up of a wide variety of molecules, but they all contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, with a much higher percentage of carbon and hydrogen molecules than oxygen. There are three kinds of lipids in living organisms: triglycerides, phospholipids and steroids (hormones). Triglycerides are made up of a glycerol molecule, with three fatty acid chains attached by ester linkages. Glycerol is an alcohol containing 3 carbon atoms. The fact it is an alcohol means it has an -OH group at one end. Fatty acids are hydrocarbon chains, with a -COOH group at one end. This -COOH group reacts with the -OH group of glycerol, and a condensation reaction occurs, which is what forms the ester linkage. As this breaks apart the -COOH group, which is what makes fatty acids acidic, once the condensation reaction has occurred, the fatty acids will no longer...

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