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Laura Lee Biology Mr Rawson Proteins Proteins are the most complex and diverse group of biological compounds. They have many different functions such as: * Nearly all proteins are enzymes. * Transport in and out of cells. * Lots of hormones have a protein structure such as collagen in connective tissue. * Many hormones such as insulin and glucagon have a protein structure. They are made from amino acids. These are made of five elements - carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur. The general structure of an amino acid molecule is shown below. The central carbon atom is called the alpha carbon and it has four chemical groups attached to it, these are a hydrogen atom, a basic amino group, an acidic carboxyl group and a variable R group. Amino acids get their name because they have amino groups and acid groups, these have opposite charges. The molecule has both positive and negative charges and is...

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