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Lysine is one of the twenty amino acids that make up natural proteins. Eleven of these amino acids can be made by the human body from other amino acids, while the remaining nine cannot be synthesized by the body they must be derived nutritionally from protein intake - these are the "essential amino acids". Lysine is one of nine essential amino acids and therefore an important molecule as proteins are made up of a melange of most of the amino acids. Formed in plants, algae, and fungi by two distinct biosynthetic pathways (see Figures 1 and 2) it helps maintain growth, lean body mass, tissue repair and the body's store of nitrogen. Lysine is a polar molecule that has a net positive charge at physiological pH values making it one of the three basic (with respect to charge) amino acids. It therefore mostly prefers to substitute for the other positively...

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