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Acid rain in Europe The principal chemicals that produce acid rain are sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx) including nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide. Natural as well as human activities are responsible for the production of these atmospheric pollutants. Natural processes include bacterial action in soils, volcanic eruptions and degassing from oceanic plankton. SO2 from volcanic eruptions can significantly affect the Earth's atmospheric chemistry and climate. The noxious effects of pollution caused by human activity, particularly the burning of coal, have been recognised for centuries, although the association with acid rain was not realised until the nineteenth century. Most atmospheric pollutants are linked to industrial processes, for example smoke from factories, SO2 and NOx from power stations, pollen from agricultural activities, dust from building construction and asbestos from insulating material. Of these the emissions from factories and power stations have been linked to acid rain. Approximately 120 Mt of S02...

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