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Main Pollutants emitted by vehicle Engines Main pollutants: How is it formed: Environmental problems: Hydrocarbons (HC) Formed when fuel is not fully burnt. Contributes to ground-level ozone when it reacts with NOX and sunlight. Cancer.i Respiratory problems. Carbon Monoxide (CO) Formed when substances containing carbon do not have access to enough air. Global warming.ii Ground ozone, which can damage plants and crops, and cause respiratory problems, even death. Nitrogen Oxide (NOX) Formed when fuels are burnt at high temperatures. Acid rain. Oxygen deficit. Haze air pollution.iii Contributes to formation of particles and smog. These can then cause health problems. Particles (PM10) Formed from the burning of fossil fuels. Can cause respiratory disease and premature death.iv Reduces visibility. Turns water in lakes and ponds acidic. Can damage crops.v There are three different types of vehicle engine: conventional, lean-burn and diesel. They all produce different types of exhaust emissions because of the ratio of air to fuel that they use. Conventional engines use high levels of fuel and so produce more nitrogen oxides. Lean-burn engines use high amounts of...

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