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QUESTION 1 (A) Differentiate between strategic planning and operational planning. ANSWER 1(A) Definition of strategic planning: Strategic planning is defined as plans that are organization-wide, establish overall objectives, and position an organization in terms of its environment. (Robbins and Coulter, 1996, p. 213) Definition of operational planning: Operational planning is defined as plans that specify details on how overall objectives are to be achieved. (Robbins and Coulter, 1996, p. 214) There are three main differences between the strategic plans and the operational plans and there are: 1.A.3.1 Time frame 1.A.3.2 Scope 1.A.3.3 Whether a set of organizational objectives are included. (Robbins and Coulter, 1996, p. 214) The figure below shows the involvement in planning from the manager's level in the organization. Usually operational planning are done by lower level managers or normally known as first-level managers. As the hierarchy move up top executives will be involve and concentrate in mostly strategic planning. Planning in the Hierarchy of Organizations Strategic Planning Top Executives Middle-...

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