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There are 2 basic cell types.
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There are 2 basic cell types: Prokaryotic: bacteria and cyanobacteria (which used to be called blue-green algae). Eukaryotic: all other cells, such as protoctista, fungi, plant and animal cells. Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Features Plant Animal Size (diameter) 0.5 - 5 µm 40 µm 15 µm Cell wall Yes (contains peptidoglycan) Yes (contains cellulose) No Genetic material DNA is naked. A single circular molecule DNA linear, associated with histones (proteins), in a nucleus, surrounded by a nuclear envelope. Ribosomes 70S ribosomes (smaller) 80S ribosomes (larger) ER, Golgi apparatus No Yes Mitochondria No (respiration occurs on an infolding of the cell membrane called the mesosome.) Yes Chloroplasts No Yes No Organelles Much of what you will need to know applies to the structure of eukaryotic cells. They are characterised by having membrane-bound organelles. Cytosol and Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Cytoplasm refers to the jelly-like material with organelles in it. If the organelles were removed, the soluble part that would be left is called the cytosol. It consists mainly of water with dissolved substances such as amino acids in it. Also present in the cytosol are larger proteins and enzymes used...
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