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"The Commercial Application of Enzyme Technology" Enzymes are used in particular industries for a number of reasons. Firstly they accelerate reactions by lowering the activation energy. Enzymes are proteins, which determines their specificity. Consequently they react with only one substrate to produce a specific product. This minimises the production of unwanted by-products. They work at moderate temperatures, neutral pH and normal atmospheric pressures and are therefore energy saving, and relatively inexpensive to produce. They are biodegradable and are therefore environmentally friendly, causing less pollution. The majority of enzymes which industries use originate from microbes, other alternatives included plants and animals; however, these aren't used as frequently. Microbes are generally preferred to plants and animals as sources of enzymes because they are generally cheaper to produce. However, enzymes do have certain disadvantages. They are extremely sensitive to changes in pH and temperature. As the temperature increases so does the rate of reaction...

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