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Stomata Gas exchange in flowering plants involves the aerial parts, mainly the leaves and stems. Leaves have a large surface area in comparison to volume which is favourable for the exchange of gases. Access to the respiring cells is by means of stomata. The rate of diffusion of CO is directly proportional to the concentration gradient, but it is also affected by factors such as the number and size of the stomata, the cuticle of the leaf and the layer of air surrounding the leaf. Most of the water vapour loss occurs through the stomata, which are open during the day, allowing for the exchange of gases in photosynthesis. Stomata are pores in the epidermis of leaves, flowers and herbaceous stems through which exchange of gases occurs. They are found most frequently on leaves and may occur on both surfaces but are more common on the lower (abaxial) side....

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