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Induction of ?-galactosidase. Background knowledge. DNA is reproduced by cells for each copy of cells that are made. The cell however, doesn't need the entire DNA; and is able to turn certain bits that aren't needed on and off. This is useful, as the cell doesn't use up lots of energy making things that aren't needed. For example, the enzyme amylase, which breaks down starch, doesn't need to be made in the big toe. The cell does this in a number of ways, one way is by 'super coiling', where the unwanted DNA gets coiled up into an unreadable ball or coil. This coil can't be unwound and so the mRNA cannot read it to make the protein. Another way of not using unwanted DNA is by adding a repressor molecule to the DNA strand, so the RNA polymerase cannot attach to it to make the protein. When the protein is present,...

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