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Follicular development  

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INTRODUCTION The anterior pituitary of the hypothalamus, in mammals and most lower vertebrae species, consist of cells called gonadotrophs. These cells normally secrete only luteinising hormone (LH) or follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), but some cells may secrete both types of hormones. LH and FSH act on the gonads; the testes in males and the ovaries in females, and so are called gonadotropins. These gonadotropins act in an endocrine manner to control follicular growth in females (Richards et al, 2002). FSH, also known as follitropin, stimulates the ovarian follicles and induces follicular maturation together with oestrogen and progesterone synthesis. In males, FSH plays a critical role in spermatogenesis, as it helps the functioning of Sertoli cells and stimulates the epithelial tissue of the seminiferous tubules, which are important in sperm cell maturation. The secretion of FSH from the gonadotrophs is controlled by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which stimulates the gland as well many other...

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