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Enzymes What do we need enzymes for? A biological reaction in which enzymes are not present would be too slow to sustain life at all. Enzymes are biological catalysts, which they have the ability to speed up the rate of reaction without being permanently changed. (It does this by reducing the activation energy). Enzymes are large molecules that work by reacting with another compound or compounds called the substrate to from a short-lived enzyme-substrate complex. This complex is formed at a particular part of the enzymes, located on the surface, which is known as the active site. The complex breaks down to form the products, but leaving the enzymes totally intact (look at figure 1), which is now available to catalyse another cycle. Actually a single enzymes molecule can transform approximately 56,000,000 substrate molecules per minute but only at optimum efficiency. Although the enzyme works totally independently, there are some techniques that we...

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