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Enzyme Coursework Introduction Enzymes are complex three-dimensional globular proteins, with hydrophillic side chains which makes them soluble. The enzyme molecule is normally larger than the molecule of the substrate it acts upon, but only a small part comes into contact with the substrate. This region is called the active site so the substrate of the enzyme can bind to it. The active site has such a shape that it allows the substrate to fit perfectly, and to be held in place by temporary bonds. The bonds form between the substrate and some of the R- groups of the enzymes amino acids. Enzymes are very specific because the enzyme has a particular shape into which the substrate fit perfectly. This is known as the 'lock and key' hypothesis where the substrate is the key whose shape is complementary to the enzyme or lock. Fig.1 Fig.1 shows that when a substrate complex is formed it is 'activated'...

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