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Electrophysiology of secretion modulation by various neuroendocrine cells of clinical importance: the pancreatic ß-cell and enteroendocrine L and K cells I. Introduction The prospect of using gene therapy to treat type 1, or insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD) has caused considerable excitement in the area of diabetes research. In patients with IDD, autoimmune attack has destroyed the ß-cells that normally reside in the pancreatic islets and mediate glucose homeostasis by secreting insulin. Treatment of IDD by islet transplantation of cadaver tissue or xenogenic islets has been unsuccessful due to immune rejection either by the recognition of ß-cell-specific antigens (that led to the initial development of IDD) or of foreign antigens. Another challenge to islet transplantation is the highly limited number of donor pancreases. To circumvent these hurdles, tissue engineers must look toward autologous, non-ß-cell sources as targets for gene therapy. The precise dynamic control of secretion from any cell-engineered solution is crucial to achieving the...

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