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Rohit Gumber DISCUSS THE APPLICATION OF ENZYMES IN BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES. Enzymes are specialised substances, composed of polymers of amino acids, that act as catalysts to regulate the speed of many chemical reactions involved in many industrial processes and in the metabolism of living organisms. Enzymes have many practical uses, alcohol fermentation and other important industrial processes depend on the action of enzymes that are synthesised by the yeast and bacteria used in the production process. A number of enzymes are used for medical purposes, but the largest use for enzymes is in the manufacture of detergents and in the food industry. The following table shows the uses of enzymes in industry: Enzyme type Uses Proteases (60%) detergents, cheese Carbohydrates (25%) bread making Lipases (10%) detergents Glucose isomerase (5%) high-fructose syrup The main use for enzymes is in biological detergents. Their chief benefit is that they remove dirt of biological origin at lower temperature than would otherwise be required....

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