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Current and future biotechnological applications of Extremophiles.
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ONPS 1018 APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LITERATURE REVIEW SEMESTER 2 CURRENT AND FUTURE BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF EXTREMOPHILES MICHAEL NAJDOVSKI 2107931E Contents ABSTRACT.................................................................................... .3 INTRODUCTION...............................................................................3 EXTREMOPHILES.............................................................................4 Anaerobes.........................................................................................4 Thermophiles.....................................................................................4 Hyperthermophile................................................................................4 Psychrophiles.....................................................................................4 Halophiles.........................................................................................4 Acidophile.........................................................................................4 Alkaliphiles.......................................................................................5 Xerophiles.........................................................................................5 Endoliths...........................................................................................5 CURRENT APPLICATIONS OF EXTREMOPHILES....................................7 FUTURE APPLICATIONS OF EXTREMOPHILES.......................................8 CONCLUSION...................................................................................9 REFERENCES..................................................................................10 Abstract Extremophiles (lovers of extremes) are microorganisms that live and thrive in the harshest of conditions. They grow in volcanic vents, hot springs, in high salt concentration, freezing temperatures and all conditions that would normally not support life. These may be used to our advantage because of their ability to survive in these conditions. The bacterium Thermus aquaticus lives in hot water conditions whose optimal temperature is about 70?C. Taq polymerase is an enzyme produced from the bacterium that is now a major component of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). There are many other uses of these bacterium and many more to be discovered. Introduction The majority of extremophiles are bacteria. These bacteria can tolerate harsh environments that other organisms cannot. These bacteria and other organisms have mechanisms that allow them to survive in these environments...
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