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Compare and contrast the structure and function of Chloroplasts and mitochondria Introduction The invention of the light microscope in the 17th century was the key event that allowed the English scientist Robert Hooke to first observe and discover the cell. Hooke coined the term 'cell' in 1665, as the honeycomb structures reminded him of monks' chambers he had once seen in monasteries. It was not until the 1830s that the Belgian botanist Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann, a German zoologist, developed the cell theory. The two scientists jointly proposed that every living organism was composed of individual cellular units. Further scientific study led to the discovery of microscopic cell substructures, which were collectively given the name organelles. Organelles were identified as being highly organised internal structures that had specific shapes and functions. It was found that Eukaryotic cells had a larger number of membrane bound organelles and that Prokaryotic cells had very...

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