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Chemical compounds are divided into two groups: * * Organic compounds are found in living organisms; they contain carbon and are combustible, eg carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, enzymes, vitamins, nucleic acids. * Inorganic compounds are found in the physical environment, eg water, carbon dioxide, mineral salts, inorganic acids, inorganic bases, salts. Water: * makes up 70% of living matter * is a solvent * has a high heat capacity * provides pressure to help keep shape * plays an important role in controlling human temperature * helps to split large molecules into smaller units * is a fluid medium for chemical reactions * transfers food materials and unabsorbed food wastes * * Carbohydrates (sugar and starch) contain C, H and O in a ration of two hydrogen to one oxygen. * Monosaccharides are single sugars which pass easily through semi-permeable membranes. There are four types: a) trioses C3H6O3 b) tetroses C4H8O4 c) pentoses C5H10O5 d) hexoses C6H12O6 * The most important monosaccharides...

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