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Biological enzymes Most biological enzymes are 3D globular proteins and perform chemical reactions in cells. An example is haemoglobin, which is needed for the vital carrying on oxygen in blood around to the body from the lungs to the organs that need it. Enzymes serve as Essential Catalysts to virtually every bodily process. An enzyme shortage can cause a variety of illnesses e.g. blue baby syndrome and sickle cell amoeba. Not all proteins are enzymes, but most enzymes are proteins (the exception is catalytic RNA). A catalyst is a molecule, which increases the rate of a reaction but is not the substrate of that reaction and does not get used up in the reaction. A substrate is a molecule upon which an enzyme acts to yield a product. Enzymes convert a substrate molecule into a different molecule. Many of the reactions in catabolism are favourable. This means that these reactions...

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