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The Human Genome Project "The Human Genome Project (HGP) was the largest biological investigation ever undertaken"1 which began in 1990 and spanned 13 years. It achieved its goal in 2003 by identifying the sequence of over 3 billion base pairs which constitute the human genome (the complete genetic material of an organism). The project was heralded by the research conducted in 1953 by the scientists Watson and Crick who discovered that DNA existed as a double helical structure (enabling DNA replication), from images of Rosalind Franklin's DNA X-ray diffraction. Despite the potential positive applications of the project's results such as in molecular medicine, it has been scrutinized for being unethical by interfering with nature and for having too many negative social, legal and economic implications. In 1990 the HGP was said to have ambitious aims, but by 2003 not only had they been achieved but surpassed. The most significant aim was...

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