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Introduction: An operon is a unit of bacterial gene expression and regulation, including structural genes and control elements in DNA recognized by a regulator gene product. The Operon Model of the lactose (lac) operon is commonly applied to understanding gene regulation in bacterial cells. In this paradigm genes whose expressions are regulated by the presence of some substance (i.e. lactose) are studied. Bacteria generally favor using glucose as their primary energy source; however in the absence of glucose, some bacteria can metabolize lactose until glucose levels are high once again. The Lactose Operon Figure 1. The constituents of the Bacterial Lactose Operon The structure of the lac operon can be seen in Figure 1. The lactose operon has three contiguous structural genes: Lac Z, Lac Y, and Lac A. Lac Z codes for the enzyme Beta-galactosidase which breaks the Beta-galactoside linkage in the lactose molecule...

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