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Gene Technology Genetic modification Over 20 years ago it was discovered that genes, and parts of genes, could be extracted from DNA using protein "scissors" then copied, or cloned. The gene could then be equipped with genetic "switches" to turn it up or down and inserted back into a living organism. This is the basis of genetic modification. It allows the sequences of genes to be determined. Transferring single genes between different plants and animals, turning existing genes up or down, or removing a gene from its original position and placing it in a new position in the same organism are all referred to as genetic modification (GM). The terms genetic engineering (GE) or genetic manipulation also mean the same thing. Plants, animals or microbes which have a new gene inserted into them are called genetically modified organisms (GMOs) or transgenic. The modified gene belongs to the new host but its sequence is altered...

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