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Gene Cloning Gene Cloning is the process whereby a single gene can be isolated from among all the different genes in the organism thereby allowing its characterization. This is usually achieved by preparing a library of bacteria that contains all the different genes in an organism with each individual bacterium containing one of the genes. This is done by simply cutting up an individual's DNA. Alternatively, a library of all the DNA sequences expressed in a particular cell can be created by making complementary DNA copies. In either case, the DNA fragments are linked to a vector-either a bacterial virus known as a bacteriophage or a circular DNA known as a plasmid-that is then introduced into bacteria so that each individual bacteria takes only one copy of the vector and therefore receives only one DNA fragment. Libraries prepared in this way can be screened to identify the individual bacteria containing the gene...

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