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Down Syndrome . The nucleus of the cell, where the genetic material is stored, and the genetic material hold the genes, which carry the codes responsible for all our inherited characteristics. Normally, the nucleus of each cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, half of which are inherited from each parent. In Down syndrome, the cells usually contain 47 chromosomes; with the extra chromosome being a number 21. This excess genetic material, in the form of additional genes along the 21st chromosome, results in Down syndrome. Down Syndrome is caused by mistake in the division of cells called disjunction, there are also two other types of chromosomal abnormalities, mosaicism and translocation; which also cause Down syndrome - although to a much lesser extent. Non-disjunction is an incorrect cell division, which results in an embryo with three number 21 chromosomes instead of two. Which was caused by the sperm or the egg...

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