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Deoxyribonucleic acid 4 Units 1. Adenine (A) 2. Cytosine (S) 3. Guanine (G) 4. Thymine (T) DNA molecules are exceedingly long polymers and exist as two chains, which come together to form a double helix. The chains are orientated in opposite directions and arranged side by side. With the nitrogen bases forming the cross rungs. The building blocks of nucleic acids are nucleotides. Made up from a carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and an organic nitrogen containing base A pairs with T G pairs with C The DNA in a human cell contains around 3 billion base pairs. There are about 100000 genes coded in our DNA. The enzyme RNA polymerase has a critical role in converting DNA sequences into corresponding mRNA sequences in a process called TRANSCRIPTION. The mRNA then read in groups of 3 bases and can be translated in a particular protein. DNA may be split up into several coding regions called exons and several non coding sequences called...

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