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Urinary System Anatomy www.training.seer.cancer.gov The urinary system is one of the excretory systems of the body and consists of four main parts: * 2 kidneys - excretory organs * 2 ureters - ducts draining the kidneys * The bladder - reservoir of urine * The urethra - channel from bladder to exterior (Ross, J. et al. 1990) The kidneys The kidneys are bean shaped organs approximately 10-12cm long, 5-7cm wide, and 3cm thick. They lie behind the peritoneum and the posterior wall of the abdomen between last thoracic (T12) and third lumbar vertebrae (L3). The right kidney is slightly lower that the left one because of the presence of the liver superiorly (Tortora, J.G et al. 2003). The medial concave border contains a notch called the renal hilus (see diagram below), the area where structures enter and leave kidney. These structures include the renal artery and vein, lymphatic vessels and nerves (Mace, J.D. et al. 1998)....

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