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The Problems and treatments of renal failure. The human Kidneys, situated in the abdominal cavity, play an important part in the maintenance of internal body fluids. The thousands' of Nephrons integrated with the blood capillaries in the kidneys, carry out the dual function of excretion and osmoregulation. Excretion is a process by which toxic compounds, such as urea, are kept at a minimum whilst, Osmoregulation controls the water and salt concentrations of the blood. In the rare occurrence of kidney failure excretion can no longer take place, resulting in the build of toxicity in the blood and the unbalance of salt and water concentrations. Humans produce many waste products however, carbon dioxide and urea are made in much larger amounts than any of the others. Carbon dioxide, produced in every aerobically respiring cell, is excreted via the lungs. Urea, on the other hand, is removed via the kidney through the production of...

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