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Biology Test on Nutrients and Digestion Nutrients Carbohydrates * Contain: carbon, oxygen, hydrogen * Found in pasta, potatoes, bread, rice and sugars * Needed for energy-movement, digestion and warmth * Excess stored as glycogen in liver and muscles * Made from: Monosaccharide- single sugar unit e.g. glucose, fructose, galactose - Soluble - Small (not digested, pass directly in blood stream) Disaccharides- two sugar units e.g. sucrose, lactose, maltose - Soluble - Too large (needs to be digested) Sucrose glucose + fructose Lactose glucose + galactose Maltose glucose + glucose Polysaccharides - many sugar units: - Starch- plant storage substance, digested by amylase enzymes in salvia and pancreatic juice - Cellulose- found in plan cell walls, cannot be digested by mammals as do not have cellulase, helps stimulate muscles in gut (peristalsis) - Glycogen- animal storage Too much carb causes obesity Too much sugar can rot teeth Fats * Contain: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen * Found in: butter, oil, margarine, peanuts, fatty meat * Needed for a) energy b) Insulation c) Storage of vit A and D ...

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