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CARBOHYDRATES Carbohydrates are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. The ratio of hydrogen to oxygen atoms in the molecule is usually 2:1. These, as a class, are the most abundant organic compounds found in nature. Green plants (and bacteria) produce carbohydrates by the process of photosynthesis. Carbohydrates may be grouped into three categories monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides and disaccharides are the sugars (simple carbohydrates), whilst the polysaccharides (complex carbohydrates) are the non-sugars. Of the sugars, monosaccharides are sweeter than disaccharides. Monosaccharides are the smallest carbohydrates. They are also known as monomers. This means they are used as blocks in the building carbohydrates. They contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio 1:2:1. Pentoses and Hexoses are monosaccharides. Pentoses are monosaccharides with 5 carbon atoms. The general formula of pentoses is C5H10O5. Ribose is an example of a pentose, since it is made up of 5 carbon atoms in its...

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