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Carbohydrates Carbohydrates contain 3 elements: 1. Carbon (C) 2. Hydrogen (H) 3. Oxygen (O) Carbohydrates are found in one of three forms: 1. Monosaccharides 2. Disaccharides (both sugars) 3. Polysaccharides Monosaccharides General formula: (CH2O)n where n is a number between 3 and 9. They are classified according to the number of carbon atoms. The monosaccharides you will have to know fall into these categories: C = 3 = triose C = 4 = tetrose C = 5 = pentose C = 6 = hexose Trioses: (e.g. glyceraldehydes), intermediates in respiration and photosynthesis. Tetroses: rare. Pentoses: (e.g. ribose, ribulose), used in the synthesis of nucleic acids (RNA and DNA), co-enzymes (NAD, NADP, FAD) and ATP. Hexoses: (e.g. glucose, fructose), used as a source of energy in respiration and as building blocks for larger molecules. All but one carbon atom have an alcohol (OH) group attached. The remaining carbon atom has an aldehyde or ketone group attached. Ring form: Due to the bond angles between the carbon atoms, it is possible for pentoses...

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