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The Structure and Function of Carbohydrates Large biological molecules are called macromolecules, there are giant molecules (polymers) made up of repeating units (monomers). Carbohydrates are one of the main classes of biological molecules. Macromolecule units (monomers) are joined together by condensation reactions and hydrolysis reactions split macromolecules down into their individual units. Carbohydrates are molecules that contain elements of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Carbohydrates have a 2:1 hydrogen to oxygen ratio, there are twice as many hydrogen atoms as oxygen atoms (the same proportion as in water). Carbohydrates are categorised in three many groups:> Monosaccharide - monomers and therefore contain single surgar.> Disaccharide - contain double sugars.> Polysaccharide - are large molecules containing many complex sugars. The general formula for carbohydrates is Cx(H20)y. Monosaccharides are white crystalline solids with low molecular mass and sweet tasting. All monosaccharides are reducing sugars because they all aldehydes. Different monosaccharides contain different number of carbon atoms. There...

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