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Write an essay explaining how energy is transferred through food chains. Explain why efficiency of transfer is important. Energy flows from producers to consumers through food chains, which can only flow one way. Energy is non-renewable and can be transformed from one form to another. The energy source for all ecosystems is the sun as about 641 x 104 kJm-2y-1 of solar energy reaches the atmosphere although much of it does not break through and is radiated back into space. Food chains are often called trophic chains and there are four important levels in most chains. Firstly producers that are organisms that convert some of the energy from the sun into stored chemical energy (usually plants). Then primary consumers that obtain energy by consuming producers, they are herbivores. Then secondary consumers that are organisms which obtain energy by consuming primary consumers, they are carnivores. Finally Decomposers, which form the end point of...

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