Photosynthesis.
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Photosynthesis, process by which chlorophyll-containing organisms-green plants, algae, and some bacteria-capture energy in the form of light and convert it to chemical energy. Virtually all the energy available for life in the Earth's biosphere-the zone in which life can exist-is made available through photosynthesis. A quite generalized, unbalanced chemical equation for photosynthesis is CO2 + 2H2A + light energy › (CH2) + H2O + A2 The formula H2A represents a compound that can be oxidized, that is, from which electrons can be removed; CO2 is carbon dioxide; and CH2 is a general formula for the hydrocarbons incorporated by the growing organism. In the vast majority of photosynthetic organisms-that is, algae and green plants-H2A is water (H2O) and A2 is oxygen (O2); in some photosynthetic bacteria, however, H2A is hydrogen sulphide (H2S). Photosynthesis involving water is the most important and best understood and, therefore, will be discussed here in detail. Photosynthesis consists of two stages:...


