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Explain the basis of ATP generation in mitochondria and chloroplasts. How does this differ from the Substrate level Phosphorylation found in glycolysis?
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Explain the basis of ATP generation in mitochondria and chloroplasts. How does this differ from the Substrate level Phosphorylation found in glycolysis? Introduction: ATP is the universal currency of free energy in biological systems (Stryer (1995)). Living organisms use it as a free-energy donor to supply free energy for three major purposes: the performance of mechanical work in muscular contraction and other cellular movements, the active transport of molecules and ions, and the synthesis of macromolecules and other biomolecules from simple precursors. However, ATP must be synthesised using free energy obtained from the environment. Phototrophs obtain this energy by trapping light energy; chemotrophs obtain it by the oxidation of foodstuffs produced by the phototrophs. ATP is not a long-term storage form of free energy - rather it is an immediate donor of free energy. Most ATP is consumed within a minute of synthesis. Consequently the turnover of ATP is very high...
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