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Ecology Ecosystems undergo changes in their structure and function as time passes. Some of these changes are minor and only affect a small area, others are the cause of major changes in the species present and affect the ecosystem as a whole. Major changes can be caused by changes in climate, external factors such as fire, trampling or pollution and development due to the system itself. Succession is a result of these changes and is defined as a series of progressive changes in an area with one community replacing the other until a climax community is created. A climax community consists of plants and animals, the animals present are dictated by the plants available. There will normally be a dominant species of plant and animal or a number of co-dominant species, these species are normally the most numerous and have the greatest biomass. The climax community is normally seen as the...

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