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Emma Powditch 12RP Crude oil and Hydrocarbons Crude oil is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons containing smaller quantities of sulphur, nitrogen and oxygen compounds. Hydrocarbons can form various structures according to the number of carbon atoms in the molecule; these can be straight chains, branched chains or closed rings. The main two chemical families are unsaturated (alkenes) and saturated (alkanes) hydrocarbons. Crude oil is obtained by pumping ancient deposits from the ground. Scientist theorises that plants and animals died and sank to the bottom of seas and other water, where sediment covered them. In the absence of air anaerobic bacteria are thought to have caused them to change to oil and natural gas. Crude oil is extremely viscous and has very little use in its original state, therefore the Gasoline, diesel, aviation fuel and oil are also liquid fuels derived from crude oil. Even the thick black residue, called bitumen has its...

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