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General Franco ordered the bombing of the Basque town of Guernica on 26 April 1937. The German Lufwaffe, under his command, virtually destroyed the town. For the Spanish, Guernica symbolized liberty and a sense of pride. The bombing had significance with respect to history and to a greater extent, human meaning. It would change for ever the rules of war. The bombing provided the motivation for Picasso to paint a commission, from the Republican government, just prior to the bombing. The Spanish pavilion was home to the mural during the International Exhibition in Paris. The bombing had an immediate effect on intellectuals throughout Europe. Subsequent to the Spanish Civil War most of Europe and England considered communism a Russian issue, while fascism was a problem for Central Europe. Picasso had remained, throughout his early years, apolitical; leaning toward anarchism and, while in Paris, nihilism. For most of Europe, including the intellectuals,...

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